Deuteronomy 6:1-5

Deuteronomy 6:1
וְ	ו: so, then, and consecutive that so that so, then particle, conjunction
זֹאת	זֹאת: this, these adjective, feminine, singular
הַ	ה: the particle, article
מִּצְוָה	מִצְוָה: commandment noun, common, feminine, singular  This is usually interpreted as commandment, precept, or religious duty. It refers to all the commandments, both positive and negative, of the Torah. It is in the singular because it is referring to the whole body of law. The terms has also come to mean good deed but that interpretation is from a later time.
הַ	ה: the particle, article
חֻקִּים	חֹק: statute noun, common, masculine, plural  The root qqh means inscribe or engrave and so probably refers to enactments passed by an authoritative body and engraved on a tablet. There is the masculine noun qho from this root and also a feminine noun hQ"hu Thay have such possible meanings as: prescribed portion (Gen.47:22), an offering due to the priests (Lev.16:11), a specific decree (Gen.47:26), law in general (Ps.94:20). According to traditional thinking ~yQixu also include precepts, the reason for the observance of which we do not know, such as which foods may not be eaten (Lev.11).
וְ	ו: so, then, and consecutive that so that so, then particle, conjunction
הַ	ה: the particle, article
מִּשְׁפָּטִים	מִשְׁפָּט: judgment, law noun, common, masculine, plural  ~yjiP'v.Mih;w> ~yQixuh; You have to decide whether this phrase is qualifying and is parenthetic to hw"c.Mih; tazOw> or whether three different things are meant here. jP'v.mi deals with matters pertaining to the relationship between person and person, i.e., civil and criminal law, and not to precepts governing the relationship between onself and God, i.e., the laws of Passover. For purposes of consistency we will use the following terms hw"c.mi commandment qxo statute jP'v.mi judgment
אֲשֶׁר	אֲשֶׁר: which, that particle, relative
צִוָּה	צוה: command, order verb, piel, affix, third person, masculine, singular
יְהוָה	יהוה: Yahweh noun, proper name
אֱלֹהֵיכֶם	אֱלֹהִים: God noun, common, masculine, plural, construct with second person, masculine, plural suffix
לְ	ל: to, for, in regard to direction towards reference to particle, preposition
לַמֵּד	למד: exercise in, learn verb, piel, infinitive construct
אֶתְכֶם	אֵת: particle, direct object with second person, masculine, plural suffix
לַ	ל: to, for, in regard to direction towards reference to particle, preposition
עֲשׂוֹת	עשׂה: do, make verb, qal, infinitive construct  tAf[]l; Check 14.3a if you are unsure about the root.
בָּ	בּ: in, with, through particle, inseparable preposition with article
אָרֶץ	אֶרֶץ: earth, land noun, common, feminine, singular
אֲשֶׁר	אֲשֶׁר: which, that particle, relative
אַתֶּם	אַתֶּם: you pronoun, second person, masculine, plural
עֹבְרִים	עבר: pass over, through, by, pass on verb, qal, participle, masculine, plural
שָׁמָּה	שָׁם: there particle, adverb, directional heh ending  hM'v' ~yrIb.[o ~T,a; The questions here is what tense to give the participle. The sense of the imminent future about to. Also notice that h- directive can be attached to an adverb.
לְ	ל: to, for, in regard to direction towards reference to particle, preposition
רִשְׁתָּהּ	ירשׁ: take possession of, inherit, dispossess verb, qal, infinitive construct with third person, feminine, singular suffix  HT'v.rIl. The fact that neither vrl nor tvr is a root reveals that neither l nor t is a root letter and so each must have some other function. The l is a preposition. It wouldn’t be giving away a secret to say that at this point in the verse, an infinitive would suit the syntactical design. Two categories of weak verbs end in t in their infinitive form. One is 3^rd h but its infinitive ends in tA The other is 1^st y. So the root is vry and it is a vocabulary word.
Deuteronomy 6:2
לְמַעַן	לְמַעַן : in order that particle, preposition  Vocabulary word. Although the verb form which often follows a preposition is the infinitive, it is not unusual for an independent preposition to introduce a prefix form.
תִּירָא	ירא: fear verb, qal, prefix, second person, masculine, singular  The verb form is discussed in 17.2. Deuteronomy is written in the style of a sermon and so you will want to consider that ffeature in your translation. Here, from the fact that the verb is preceded by ![;m;l. one infers that the mood conveyed is of strong obligation. An interesting feature of Deuteronomy is the frequent switching between second person singular and plural: you the individual as in ar'yTi as opposed to you the group as in ~yrIb.[o ~T,a; (Deut.6:1).
אֶת־	אֵת: particle, direct object
יְהוָה	יהוה: Yahweh noun, proper name
אֱלֹהֶיךָ	אֱלֹהִים: God noun, common, masculine, plural, construct with second person, masculine, singular suffix
לִ	ל: to, for, in regard to direction towards reference to particle, preposition
שְׁמֹר	שׁמר: keep, watch, preserve verb, qal, infinitive construct
אֶת־	אֵת: particle, direct object
כָּל־	כֹּל: all noun, common, masculine, singular, construct
חֻקֹּתָיו	חֻקָּה: something prescribed, enactment, statute noun, common, feminine, plural, construct with third person, masculine, singular suffix  wyt'Qoxu-lK'-ta, The noun here is what gender? Compare this to ~yQixu (Deut.6:1).
וּ	ו: so, then, and consecutive that so that so, then particle, conjunction
מִצְוֹתָיו	מִצְוָה: commandment noun, common, feminine, plural, construct with third person, masculine, singular suffix  wyt'wOc.miW There are three vavs in this word. How many have consonantal value? If you don’t know it’s OK – this is covered in the next Lesson.
אֲשֶׁר	אֲשֶׁר: which, that particle, relative
אָנֹכִי	אָנֹכִי: I pronoun, first person, common, singular
מְצַוֶּךָ	צוה: command, order verb, piel, participle, masculine, singular, construct with second person, masculine, singular suffix  31.1 discusses this stem and form
אַתָּה	אַתָּה: you pronoun, second person, masculine, singular
וּ	ו: so, then, and consecutive that so that so, then particle, conjunction
בִנְךָ	בֵּן: son noun, common, masculine, singular, construct with second person, masculine, singular suffix
וּ	ו: so, then, and consecutive that so that so, then particle, conjunction
בֶן־	בֵּן: son noun, common, masculine, singular, construct
בִּנְךָ	בֵּן: son noun, common, masculine, singular, construct with second person, masculine, singular suffix
כֹּל	כֹּל: all noun, common, masculine, singular
יְמֵי	יוֹם: day noun, common, masculine, plural, construct
חַיֶּיךָ	חַיִּים: life noun, common, masculine, plural, construct with second person, masculine, singular suffix  The masculine plural of an adjective is often used to create an abstract noun.
וּ	ו: so, then, and consecutive that so that so, then particle, conjunction
לְמַעַן	לְמַעַן : in order that, for the sake of particle, preposition
יַאֲרִכֻן	ארךְ: be long verb, hiphil, prefix, third person, masculine, plural, paragogic nun ending  What about the stem of this verb? Patach ; under the prefix pronoun may be an ambiguous indicator when the first root letter is a guttural (17.3a) so check the vowel between the second and third root letters (32.1). Qibbuts u is the defective spelling of shureq W so the PGN of the verb is 3 m. pl. The ending ! in this verb is called paragogic nun and is a favourite in Deuteronomic style. (see !Wdb.[;T; Ex.3:12)
יָמֶיךָ	יוֹם: day noun, common, masculine, plural, construct with second person, masculine, singular suffix  An irregular noun (see: The Noun H) with a possessive suffix. Could this be confused with the plural of ~y" sea? No, because there would always be a “fish” in the sea ~yMiy" represented by the aquarium dagesh (subgroup of Napoleonic). What is the relationship of ^ym,y" to the verb !kUrIa]y: which comes just before it?
Deuteronomy 6:3
וְ	ו: so, then, and consecutive that so that so, then particle, conjunction
שָׁמַעְתָּ	שׁמע: hear verb, qal, affix, second person, masculine, singular
יִשְׂרָאֵל	יִשְׂרָאֵל: Israel noun, proper name  laer'f.yI T"[.m;v'w> What is the relationship between these two words? (18.2) The verbs in this part of the verse have imperative force: and you will…
וְ	ו: so, then, and consecutive that so that so, then particle, conjunction
שָׁמַרְתָּ	שׁמר: keep, watch, preserve verb, qal, affix, second person, masculine, singular
לַ	ל: to, for, in regard to direction towards reference to particle, preposition
עֲשׂוֹת	עשׂה: do be done be done make be made be made made cause work do assign gain verb, qal, infinitive construct
אֲשֶׁר	אֲשֶׁר: which, that particle, relative
יִיטַב	יטב: be (good,) pleasing verb, qal, prefix, third person, masculine, singular  17.2 discusses this type of first y verb. Can rv,a] be the subject? That seems to work until you get further into the verse. Because of the ordered, oratorical style of this passage it seems unlikely that the syntactical function of rv,a] would change in two adjacent, parallel clauses.
לְךָ	ל: to, for, in regard to direction towards reference to particle, preposition with second person, masculine, singular suffix
וַ	ו: so, then, and consecutive that so that so, then particle, conjunction
אֲשֶׁר	אֲשֶׁר: which, that particle, relative
תִּרְבּוּן	רבה: be numerous, increase verb, qal, prefix, second person, masculine, plural, paragogic nun ending  See Deut.6:2 for the ! See 26.5 for the root. Why is there a dagesh in the b
מְאֹד	מְאֹד: muchness, force, abundance, exceedingly particle, adverb
כַּ	כּ: the like of, like, as before particle, preposition
אֲשֶׁר	אֲשֶׁר: which, that particle, relative
דִּבֶּר	דּבר: speak verb, piel, affix, third person, masculine, singular
יְהוָה	יהוה: Yahweh noun, proper name
אֱלֹהֵי	אֱלֹהִים: God noun, common, masculine, plural, construct
אֲבֹתֶיךָ	אָב: father noun, common, masculine, plural, construct with second person, masculine, singular suffix
לָךְ	ל: to, for, in regard to direction towards reference to particle, preposition with second person, masculine, singular suffix  English seems to want a verb before %l'
אֶרֶץ	אֶרֶץ: earth, land noun, common, feminine, singular
זָבַת	זוב: issue, flow verb, qal, participle, feminine, singular, construct
חָלָב	חָלָב: milk noun, common, masculine, singular
וּ	ו: so, then, and consecutive that so that so, then particle, conjunction
דְבָשׁ	דְּבַשׁ: honey noun, common, masculine, singular  vb'(d>W bl'Þx' tb;z" #r,a, In which other passage did you read this description?
פ	פ paragraph marker or nun
Deuteronomy 6:4
שְׁמַע	שׁמע: hear verb, qal, imperative, masculine, singular
יִשְׂרָאֵל	יִשְׂרָאֵל: Israel noun, proper name
יְהוָה	יהוה: Yahweh noun, proper name
אֱלֹהֵינוּ	אֱלֹהִים: God noun, common, masculine, plural, construct with first person, common, plural suffix
יְהוָה	יהוה: Yahweh noun, proper name
אֶחָד	אֶחָד: one adjective, masculine, singular  Lesson 18 is devoted to the grammar of this verse. Note that n the text, the [ of [m;v. and the d of dx'(a, are written in large script. Jewish commentary explains that the large d is to distinguish clearly the word dxa one from rxa another (Look also at Ex.34:14). The reason for the large [ is not so clear. It may have been done to avoid ambiguity with aM'v, a Mishnaic word which means perhaps. Commentators point out that the enlarged letters [ and d form the word d[e which means testimony or witness.
Deuteronomy 6:5
וְ	ו: so, then, and consecutive that so that so, then particle, conjunction
אָהַבְתָּ	אהב: love verb, qal, affix, second person, masculine, singular  T'b.h;a'w> An imperative followed by the affix + vav reversive gives the affix imperative force: you will In this case the imperative [m;v. is in the previous verse, but the verse breaks are not indigenous to the text and a sequence can cross the sof passuq Ç In fact, the imperative mood continues through verse 9.
אֵת	אֵת: particle, direct object
יְהוָה	יהוה: Yahweh noun, proper name
אֱלֹהֶיךָ	אֱלֹהִים: angels God noun, common, masculine, plural, construct with second person, masculine, singular suffix
בְּ	בּ: in, with, through particle, preposition
כָל־	כֹּל: all noun, common, masculine, singular, construct
לְבָבְךָ	לֵבָב: heart noun, common, masculine, singular, construct with second person, masculine, singular suffix
וּ	ו: so, then, and consecutive that so that so, then particle, conjunction
בְ	בּ: in, with, through particle, preposition
כָל־	כֹּל: all noun, common, masculine, singular, construct
נַפְשְׁךָ	נֶפֶשׁ: soul, living being, life, self, person, desire, appetite, emotion passion noun, common, feminine, singular, construct with second person, masculine, singular suffix
וּ	ו: so, then, and consecutive that so that so, then particle, conjunction
בְ	בּ: in, with, through particle, preposition
כָל־	כֹּל: all noun, common, masculine, singular, construct
מְאֹדֶךָ	מְאֹד: muchness, force, abundance, exceedingly particle, adverb with second person, masculine, singular suffix  ^d<)aom.-lk'b.W ^ßv.p.n:-lk'b.W ^ïb.b'l.-lk'B. | bb;le vp,n< and daom. Are difficult words to put into English. bb;le refers to the inner person. Rabbinic commentary interprets the word to mean all desires. BDB interprets the word to mean knowledge, thought, purpose, mind, will. A blending of both of these probably gives the sense. In English “figurative physiology” the heart is the seat of the emotions, the feeling organs. bb;le on the other hand, is the decision-making paart of the body, the seat of the will. Many cross cultural mix-ups, good-natured and otherwise, can result from the different interpretations peoples put on different body parts. vp,n< is a person’s very life force, the self, the soul, the inner being, akin to the Latin anima. daom. is vitality, force, might. This is the same word that appears in the phrase daom. !WBr>Ti (Deut.6:3) where we use it as an adverb in translation. You can see that what is conveyed by the noun is stronger than the meaning the English adverb carries.