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Exodus 3:4 |
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וַ |
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ו: so, then, and consecutive that so that so,
then |
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יַּרְא |
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ראה: seeing |
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יְהוָה |
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יהוה: Yahweh |
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כִּי |
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כִּי: surely, that |
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סָר |
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סור: turn aside rs' One way to determine the
root is to recognise that this verb appears in Ex.3:3 in the phrase aN"-hr'sua' Another is to know that when you see two strong letters and qamets or
patach under the first one, you most likely have a 3 m. sg. Qal affix of a
hollow verb. A pluperfect translation would be appropriate here. Notice how
often the subject switches in this verse |
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לִ |
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ל: to, for, in regard to direction towards
reference to |
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רְאוֹת |
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ראה: seeing 25.3b discusses this very word |
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וַ |
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ו: so, then, and consecutive that so that so,
then |
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יִּקְרָא |
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קרא: call, read out, aloud |
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אֵלָיו |
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אֶל: motion to direction towards |
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אֱלֹהִים |
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אֱלֹהִים: God |
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מִ |
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מִן: from |
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תּוֹךְ |
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תָּוֶךְ: midst |
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הַ |
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ה: the |
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סְּנֶה |
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סְנֶה: bush |
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וַ |
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ו: so, then, and consecutive that so that so,
then |
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יֹּאמֶר |
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אמר: utter, say |
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מֹשֶׁה |
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מֹשֶׁה: Moses |
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מֹשֶׁה |
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מֹשֶׁה: Moses |
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וַ |
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ו: so, then, and consecutive that so that so,
then |
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יֹּאמֶר |
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אמר: utter, say |
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הִנֵּנִי |
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הִנֵּה: lo! behold!; |
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Exodus 3:5 |
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וַ |
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ו: so, then, and consecutive that so that so,
then |
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יֹּאמֶר |
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אמר: utter, say |
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אַל־ |
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אַל: motion to direction towards |
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תִּקְרַב |
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קרב: come near, approach br;q.Ti-la; la; in front of a prefix form of a verb
is the sign of the negative imperative. It is the only circumstance in which la; is used with a
verb. |
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הֲלֹם |
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הֲלֹם: here, hither |
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שַׁל־ |
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נשׁל: slip drop off draw off. clear away This is a verb. How can you tell? You just saw a negative imperative in
direct speech and there are likely to be other verbs as the speech continues.
lv; looks as if it could be a 3 m. sg. Qal affix of a
hollow verb according to what we just said about rs' (Ex.3:4) but
there is no root lyv or lwv An alternative is the imperative, because they often
appear in clusters, especially in direct speech. Verbs whose first root
letter is weak may lose that weak letter in the imperative (20.6a). Of the
two most likely possibilities, which shows the vocalisation of lv; in the
imperative? (16.2) |
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נְעָלֶיךָ |
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נַעַל: sandal, shoe |
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מֵ |
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מִן: from |
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עַל |
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עַל: on |
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רַגְלֶיךָ |
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רֶגֶל: foot |
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כִּי |
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כִּי: surely, that This is introducing a clause just as it did in Ex.3:4
but we would use a different conjunction here in English |
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הַ |
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ה: the |
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מָּקוֹם |
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מָקוֹם: standing-place, place |
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אֲשֶׁר |
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אֲשֶׁר: which, that |
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אַתָּה |
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אַתָּה: you |
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עוֹמֵד |
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עמד: take one’s stand, stand |
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עָלָיו |
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עַל: on wyl'[' dmeA[ hT'a; rv,a] This type of construction is discussed in 22.8a. |
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אַדְמַת־ |
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אֲדָמָה: soil earth land regions below the ground |
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קֹדֶשׁ |
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קֹדֶשׁ: apartness, sacredness vd,qO-tm;d>a; This is a construct chain. The first link is the feminine noun tm;d>a; undergoing the regular change for the construct form (22.4). vd,qO is a masculine noun. Using two nouns
together rather than a noun and an adjective, as we might in English, is
regular syntax in Hebrew. |
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הוּא |
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הוּא: it, he |
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Exodus 3:6 |
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וַ |
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ו: so, then, and consecutive that so that so,
then |
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יֹּאמֶר |
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אמר: utter, say |
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אָנֹכִי |
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אָנֹכִי: I |
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אֱלֹהֵי |
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אֱלֹהִים: God |
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אָבִיךָ |
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אָב: father |
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אֱלֹהֵי |
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אֱלֹהִים: God |
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אַבְרָהָם |
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אַבְרָהָם: Abraham |
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אֱלֹהֵי |
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אֱלֹהִים: God |
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יִצְחָק |
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יִצְחָק: Isaac |
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וֵ |
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ו: so, then, and consecutive that so that so,
then |
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אלֹהֵי |
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אֱלֹהִים: angels God |
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יַעֲקֹב |
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יַעֲקֹב: Jacob |
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וַ |
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ו: so, then, and consecutive that so that so,
then |
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יַּסְתֵּר |
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סתר: hide, conceal Is this a Piel? Don’t let the dagesh in the t sway you too quickly; wait at least
until you check the vowel before it. Also, check the vowel under the prefix
pronoun (15.5). This is a Hifil prefix. Two distinguishing characterisitics
of this stem and form are discussed with ~Kev.Y:w: (Gen.22:3). |
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מֹשֶׁה |
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מֹשֶׁה: Moses |
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פָּנָיו |
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פָּנֶה: face This is a DDO but it is not
preceded by ta
The ommission of the DDO marker is something you will see from time to time,
although more frequently in poetry than in prose. |
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כִּי |
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כִּי: surely, that |
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יָרֵא |
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ירא: fear 17.7 discusses
the pointing for this form. |
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מֵ |
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מִן: from |
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הַבִּיט |
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נבט: look jyBih;me Abstracting the root from this word is
a real challenge. The m looks like either a noun indicator, participial
preformative, or the attached preposition !mi
The h looks like either the sign of the definite article, a Hifil preformative
or a root letter. The dagesh in the b looks like either the footprint of an
assimilated letter, confirmation of the definite article, or the sign of the
Piel. The y is a vowel letter (it has no vowel of its own) and so is not a serious
contender for a root letter. Since root letters come in a cluster, lets try jbh It isn’t a root, which means that m here cannot be a participial preformative or
a noun indicator. Therefore it is the preposition !mi
That jbh is not a root also means h is not a root letter, and so the dagesh cannot be the
sign of the Piel. Because a noun can’t be derived from jb the h; is not the definite article; that
leaves it with its being the sign of the Hifil. So the dagesh must be forte
and the root is tbn The prefixed preposition strongly suggests infinitive
form. You have seen the following verb patterns. 1. Preformative h | ^ytibovih]w: (Gen.28:15); Wbyvihew> (Gen.29:3); Wqv.hiw> (Gen.29:3) 2. Prefix pronoun or other preformative + patach and a
dot vowel between the second and third root letter: ~Kev.Y:w: (Gen.22:3);
Whle[]Y:w: (Gen.22:13); [;yGIm; (Gen.28:12). 93% of the time these
patterns will yield a Hifil. Where are the other 7%? See ~T,[.d;y>h; (Gen.29:5). Another problem here is how to tranlsate the preposition
!mi
Although it is awkward English to say from looking, do you think to
look means the same thing? |
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אֶל־ |
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אֶל: motion to direction towards |
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הָ |
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ה: the |
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אֱלֹהִים |
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אֱלֹהִים: God |