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Exodus 3:7 |
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וַ |
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ו: so, then, and consecutive that so that so,
then |
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יֹּאמֶר |
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אמר: utter, say |
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יְהוָה |
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hwhy : Yahweh |
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רָאֹה |
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ראה: seeing |
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רָאִיתִי |
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ראה: seeing ytiyair' haor' See WNr,F.[;a] rFe[; (Gen.28:22) for a discussion of this construction and 26.5 for a discussion
of the conjugated form of the verb. |
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אֶת־ |
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אֵת: |
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עֳנִי |
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עֳנִי: poor, afflicted, humble This sounds like, but is not, the first person independent pronoun
ynIa] It
looks as if it might be a two letter noun with the 1 c. sg. possessive suffix. However, two letter words almost always
have a dagesh in the second letter when a suffix is added. (See %M'[i Gen.28:15]. So perhaps this word is not made
up of these two elements. Roots do not end in y When there is a word, like this one, whose third letter
is y and the y is not the 1 c. sg.
possessive suffix, it is likely that the root from which the noun is derived
is composed of the first two letters of the word + h |
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עַמִּי |
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עַם: people |
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אֲשֶׁר |
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אֲשֶׁר: which, that |
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בְּ |
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בּ: in, with, through |
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מִצְרָיִם |
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מִצְרַיִם: |
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וְ |
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ו: so, then, and consecutive that so that so,
then |
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אֶת־ |
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אֵת: |
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צַעֲקָתָם |
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צְעָקָה: cry of distress Remember a noun most usually takes the construct form
when a suffix is added (The Noun G). Why can this not be a 2 m. pl. Qal
affix? |
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שָׁמַעְתִּי |
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שׁמע: hear |
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מִ |
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מִן: from |
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פְּנֵי |
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פָּנֶה: face |
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נֹגְשָׂיו |
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נגשׂ: draw near, approach Be careful not to confuse the root here with the more
common vgn You may have noticed that this is a plural
noun with a singular suffix and that just before was ~t'q'[]c; a singular noun with a plural suffix. Both of these words refer to the
collective ~[; Switching from singular to plural and vice versa is common Biblical
Hebrew style. There is another frequently used stylistic device in this
verse, chiasm, in which the words
are arranged
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כִּי |
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כִּי: surely, that |
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יָדַעְתִּי |
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ידע: know For a discussion of the translation of the affix form
of [dy see Gen.22:12 |
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אֶת־ |
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אֵת: |
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מַכְאֹבָיו |
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מַכְאוֹב: pain Although this word is made up of several elements, it
should not be too difficult to break down. ta, in front indicates that the word functions as
a definite direct object of the verb. Root letters come in a cluster. The
rest should be smooth sailing. |
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Exodus 3:8 |
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וָ |
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ו: so, then, and consecutive that so that so,
then |
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אֵרֵד |
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ירד: come go down, descend dreaew" 14.5 discusses
the unusual pointing of the conjunction. |
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לְ |
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ל: to, for, in regard to direction towards
reference to |
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הַצִּילוֹ |
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נצל: rescue, deliver AlyCih;l. This word is constructed like jyBih;me (Ex.3:6) with two differences. Here the first letter is unambiguously a
preposition, and there is a suffix to cope with. The antecedent for the
suffix is in Ex.3:7a |
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מִ |
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מִן: from |
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יַּד |
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יַּד: hand |
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מִצְרַיִם |
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מִצְרַיִם: The name of the country is also used for the name of the people |
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וּ |
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ו: so, then, and consecutive that so that so, then |
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לְ |
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ל: to, for, in regard to direction towards
reference to |
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הַעֲלֹתוֹ |
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עלה: go up Atl{[]h;l.W After removing
the conjunction, preposition, and suffix, you are still faced with too many
letters for a root. Consider the function of the h It is not part of the root because
there is no root l[h It is unlikely to be the definite article
because the h would not appear in this position in a verse. (see
~T,[.d;y>h; Gen.29:5]. That leaves us with a Hifil indicator, Any further problems?
See 25.3b |
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מִן־ |
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מִן: from |
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הָ |
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ה: the |
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אָרֶץ |
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אֶרֶץ: earth, land |
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הַ |
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ה: the |
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הִוא |
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הִיא: he, she, it See Gen.29:2 same word |
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אֶל־ |
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אֶל: motion to direction towards |
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אֶרֶץ |
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אֶרֶץ: earth, land |
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טוֹבָה |
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טוֹב: pleasing, good |
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וּ |
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ו: so, then, and consecutive that so that so,
then |
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רְחָבָה |
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רָחָב: breadth, broad expanse |
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אֶל־ |
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אֶל: motion to direction towards |
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אֶרֶץ |
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אֶרֶץ: earth, land |
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זָבַת |
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זוב: issue, flow Here are three strong letters but a search through the dictionary has, no
doubt, revealed that they do not compose a root. tb;z" is a f. sg. participle in the construct. It is from the hollow verb bWz Hollow verbs have
an irregular participial form in the Qal (9.5a). The f. sg. Qal participle in
the absolute is hb'z" and so, remembering the endiNG that f. sg. nouns have in the construct (22.4a), it follows that tb;z" is precisely that, even though it certainly is not immediately apparent.
Usually we use of to link the
construct with the absolute, but here with
works better. |
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חָלָב |
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חָלָב: milk |
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וּ |
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ו: so, then, and consecutive that so that so,
then |
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דְבָשׁ |
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דְּבַשׁ: honey |
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אֶל־ |
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אֶל: motion to direction towards |
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מְקוֹם |
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מָקוֹם: standing-place, place |
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הַ |
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ה: the |
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כְּנַעֲנִי |
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כְּנַעֲנִי: Canaanite |
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וְ |
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ו: so, then, and consecutive that so that so,
then |
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הַ |
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ה: the |
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חִתִּי |
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חִתִּי: Hittite(s) |
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וְ |
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ו: so, then, and consecutive that so that so,
then |
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הָ |
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ה: the |
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אֱמֹרִי |
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אֱמֹרִי: Amorites |
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וְ |
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ו: so, then, and consecutive that so that so,
then |
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הַ |
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ה: the |
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פְּרִזִּי |
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פְּרִזִּי: Perizite |
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וְ |
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ו: so, then, and consecutive that so that so,
then |
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הַ |
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ה: the |
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חִוִּי |
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חִוִּי: Hivite |
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וְ |
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ו: so, then, and consecutive that so that so,
then |
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הַ |
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ה: the |
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יְבוּסִי |
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יְבוּסִי: Jebusite, Jebusites |
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Exodus 3:9 |
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וְ |
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ו: so, then, and consecutive that so that so,
then |
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עַתָּה |
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עַתָּה: now so then |
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הִנֵּה |
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הִנֵּה: lo! behold!; |
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צַעֲקַת |
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צְעָקָה: cry of distress |
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בְּנֵי־ |
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בֵּן: son |
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יִשְׂרָאֵל |
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יִשְׂרָאֵל: |
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בָּאָה |
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awB come in,
come, go in, go The form is discussed in Gen.29:9 same word.
What is the subject? |
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אֵלָי |
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אֶל: motion to direction towards |
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וְ |
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ו: so, then, and consecutive that so that so,
then |
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גַם־ |
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גַּם: also, moreover, year |
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רָאִיתִי |
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ראה: seeing |
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אֶת־ |
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אֵת: |
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הַ |
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ה: the |
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לַּחַץ |
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לַחַץ: oppression, distress |
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אֲשֶׁר |
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אֲשֶׁר: which, that |
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מִצְרַיִם |
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מִצְרַיִם: |
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לֹחֲצִים |
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לחץ: oppression, distress The l is not a preposition here. Although prefixed prepositions take different
vowels, they are never pointed with holem. The vowel pattern and endiNG
indicate that ~ycix]l{ is a participle. What is its subject? |
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אֹתָם |
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אֵת: 23.2b discusses the vocalisation. |
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