Genesis 37:5-8

Genesis 37:5
וַ	ו: so, then, and consecutive that so that so, then particle, conjunction
יַּחֲלֹם	חלם: dream verb, qal, prefix, third person, masculine, singular, vav-conv If the pointing looks ambiguous check the vowel between the second and third root letters and then 17.3a if you are still stumped.
יוֹסֵף	יוֹסֵף: Joseph Joseph noun, proper name
חֲלוֹם	חֲלוֹם: dream noun, common, masculine, singular  You can see that the DO and the verb are built from the same root. Why is this DO not preceded by ta
וַ	ו: so, then, and consecutive that so that so, then particle, conjunction
יַּגֵּד	נגד: report, tell verb, hiphil, prefix, third person, masculine, singular, apocopated, vav-conv When you are looking for a missing letter what do you do first? Look for a footprint dagesh. Only if that doesn’t work do you try the missing letter rules (16.1b). The next question is why is patach under the prefix pronoun? There are two verb stems which may take that pointing in the prefix, one of which you have already learned (12.3?). The other you have seen in the readings [ ~Kev.Y:w: Gen.22:3 for example ]. Here the pointing is characteristic of the Hifil prefix and of course we look for a dot vowel under the second root letter to confirm that stem. This particular verb, which is quite common, occurs almost exclusively in the Hifil.
לְ	ל: to, for, in regard to direction towards reference to particle, preposition
אֶחָיו	אָח: brother noun, common, masculine, plural, construct with third person, masculine, singular suffix  wyx'a,l. See wyh'a, Gen 37:2. Note that sometimes English wants a pronominal direct object he made it known to his brothers, although Hebrew does not need one.
וַ	ו: so, then, and consecutive that so that so, then particle, conjunction
יּוֹסִפוּ	יסף: add verb, hiphil, prefix, third person, masculine, plural, vav-conv WpsiAYw: | A between the prefix pronoun and the root means the missing root letter is y (Does this root not evoke the name of the leading persona in this drama?) Look at the vowel under the second root letter. What stem most often has this type of vowel in this position in the prefix form?
עוֹד	עוֹד: a going round, continuance still, yet, again, besides particle, adverb
שְׂנֹא	שׂנא: hate, be hateful verb, qal, infinitive construct 25.4 discusses the pointing of this form
אֹתוֹ	אֵת: him particle, direct object with third person, masculine, singular suffix (Look up) Now look at the whole phrase Atao anOf. dA[ WpsiAYw: The words make sense individually but it doesn’t seem to flow very well in English. Although @sy means increase or add, it is very often used, as it is here, to means to do something more strongly. Thus there are two strengthenings (expressed in the verb and the adverb) to the basic idea Atao anOf.
Genesis 37:6
וַ	ו: so, then, and consecutive that so that so, then particle, conjunction
יֹּאמֶר	אמר: utter, say verb, qal, prefix, third person, masculine, singular, vav-conv
אֲלֵיהֶם	אֶל: motion to direction towards particle, preposition with third person, masculine, plural suffix
שִׁמְעוּ־	שׁמע: hear verb, qal, imperative, masculine, plural
נָא	נָא: I (we) pray, now particle, interjection  an"-W[m.vi For help with the form see 20.6a.
הַ	ה: the particle, article
חֲלוֹם	חֲלוֹם: dream noun, common, masculine, singular  ~Alx]h; 21.3a explains the pointing of the definite article before a guttural. h is a strong guttural and often does not cause compensation in the preceding vowel for an inadmissable dagesh. This happens whether it is the part of a noun or a verb that needs a dagesh (if it is the middle root letter of a Piel for example). We are supposed to assume that the necessary doubling is “implied”.
הַ	ה: the particle, article
זֶּה	זֶה: this, here adjective, masculine, singular
אֲשֶׁר	אֲשֶׁר: which, that particle, relative
חָלָמְתִּי	חלם: dream verb, qal, affix, first person, common, singular
Genesis 37:7
וְ	ו: so, then, and consecutive that so that so, then particle, conjunction
הִנֵּה	הִנֵּה: lo! behold!; particle, interjection
אֲנַחְנוּ	אֲנַחְנוּ: we pronoun, first person, common, plural
מְאַלְּמִים	אלם: bind verb, piel, participle, masculine, plural  What choices of form does the endiNG provide? What can the preformative m be? What stem would you deduce this word to be from?
אֲלֻמִּים	אֲלֻמָּה: sheaf sheaf noun, common, feminine, plural This word is a sibling of the word just before it
בְּ	בּ: in, with, through particle, preposition
תוֹךְ	תָּוֶךְ: midst noun, common, masculine, singular, construct
הַ	ה: the particle, article
שָׂדֶה	שָׂדֶה: field noun, common, masculine, singular
וְ	ו: so, then, and consecutive that so that so, then particle, conjunction
הִנֵּה	הִנֵּה: lo! behold!; particle, interjection
קָמָה	קום: arise, stand up, stand verb, qal, affix, third person, feminine, singular  If the root cannot be hmq is there a consonant you can remove? What possibilites are there for a missing letter? Which one gives you a familiar root? Reread Genesis 29:6 ha'B' ATBi lxer' hNEhiw> for a refresher on this form.
אֲלֻמָּתִי	אֲלֻמָּה: sheaf sheaf noun, common, feminine, singular, construct with first person, common, singular suffix  Does seeing yti at the end of the word cause the reflex response “1 c. sg. affix pronoun?” Why could it not be here? What else could these components be?
וְ	ו: so, then, and consecutive that so that so, then particle, conjunction
גַם־	גַּם: also, moreover, year particle, conjunction
נִצָּבָה	נצב: take one’s stand, stand city-gates verb, niphal, affix, third person, feminine, singular  Perhaps this word looks familiar. The root appears in bC'mu (Gen.28:12), in bC'nI (Gen.28:13), and in hb'Cem; (Gen.28:18).
וְ	ו: so, then, and consecutive that so that so, then particle, conjunction
הִנֵּה	הִנֵּה: lo! behold!; particle, interjection
תְסֻבֶּינָה	סבב: turn about, go around, surround verb, qal, prefix, third person, feminine, plural  A prefix pronoun pointed with shewa and a dagesh forte in the second root letter should signal Piel, in which case the third root letter would be y However, there is no such root. The root is bbs a geminate verb, so you can see that the dagesh is representing the doubled b of the root. The y is a connecting letter in this case. Incidentally hn"yB,sut. Does read exactly like a 3^rd h Pual. Geminates are the great masqueraders, taking on the characteristics of other verb types. Bear in mind that when all else fails to yield a root, think of the possibility of a geminate.
אֲלֻמֹּתֵיכֶם	אֲלֻמָּה: sheaf sheaf noun, common, feminine, plural, construct with second person, masculine, plural suffix
וַ	ו: so, then, and consecutive that so that so, then particle, conjunction
תִּשְׁתַּחֲוֶיןָ	חוה: bow down verb, hishtafel, prefix, third person, feminine, plural, vav-conv See Genesis 22:5 note. The ending you see here !' is a variant of the more usual f. pl. prefix complement hn" What element constitutes the prefix pronoun? What is the subject of this verb?
לַ	ל: to, for, in regard to direction towards reference to particle, preposition (Look up)
אֲלֻמָּתִי	אֲלֻמָּה: sheaf sheaf noun, common, feminine, singular, construct with first person, common, singular suffix  The root of this word appears five times in this verse. Look especially at ~yMilua] ~ymiL.a;m. and then at ~k,êyteMolua] Do you see anything unusual about the gender?
Genesis 37:8
וַ	ו: so, then, and consecutive that so that so, then particle, conjunction
יֹּאמְרוּ	אמר: utter, say verb, qal, prefix, third person, masculine, plural, vav-conv
לוֹ	ל: to, for, in regard to direction towards reference to particle, preposition with third person, masculine, singular suffix
אֶחָיו	אָח: brother noun, common, masculine, plural, construct with third person, masculine, singular suffix  How does this word relate to Wrm.aYOw:
הֲ	הֲ: the particle, interrogative
מָלֹךְ	מלךְ: reign as king verb, qal, infinitive absolute  %l{m'h] What is the function of the h] Choices to consider: definite article, Hifil preformative, root letter, interrogative.
תִּמְלֹךְ	מלךְ: reign as king verb, qal, prefix, second person, masculine, singular  For a review of the whole construction %l{m.Ti %l{m'h] see WNr,F.[;a] rFE[; (Gen.28:22).
עָלֵינוּ	עַל: on, above particle, preposition with first person, common, plural suffix  What is the function of the y (See ^yl,ae Gen.22:2)
אִם־	אִם: if particle, adverb  Although used most frequently to mean if ~ai can have other meanings. Or seems to work here.
מָשׁוֹל	משׁל: represent, be like verb, qal, infinitive absolute
תִּמְשֹׁל	משׁל: rule, have dominion verb, qal, prefix, second person, masculine, singular  A repetition of the same construction seen earlier in the verse with the root $lm The interrogative mood carried through this phrase. Note the plene spelling of lAvm' The force of these infinitive absolute phrases is far stronger, more impressive and euphonic than anything we can do with them in English.
בָּנוּ	בּ: in, with, through particle, preposition with first person, common, plural suffix  Choices: a 3 c. pl. Qal affix of a 3^rd h or a preposition + DO. Context can resolve the dilemma.
וַ	ו: so, then, and consecutive that so that so, then particle, conjunction
יּוֹסִפוּ	יסף: add verb, hiphil, prefix, third person, masculine, plural, vav-conv
עוֹד	עוֹד: a going round, continuance still, yet, again, besides particle, adverb
שְׂנֹא	שׂנא: hate verb, qal, infinitive construct
אֹתוֹ	אֵת: him particle, direct object with third person, masculine, singular suffix Atao anOf. dA[ WpsiAYw: An exact repetition of the phrase in Gen.37:5
עַל־	עַל: on, above particle, preposition
חֲלֹמֹתָיו	חֲלוֹם: dream noun, common, masculine, plural, construct with third person, masculine, singular suffix  wyt'mol{x]-l[; | -l[; here gives the sense of because of, or on account of. Can you identify the components of wyt'mol{x] Pay particular attention to the gender and number of the segments.
וְ	ו: so, then, and consecutive that so that so, then particle, conjunction
עַל־	עַל: on particle, preposition
דְּבָרָיו	דָּבָר: speak noun, common, masculine, plural, construct with third person, masculine, singular suffix